ΨEmpiralis
← Back to the test

Scientific background: Big Five

About this test

This test is based on the International Personality Item Pool (IPIP), a freely available collection of personality items developed as a public alternative to commercial questionnaires like the NEO-PI-R. The 50 items used here correspond to the well-known IPIP representation of the five factors after Costa & McCrae (Goldberg, 1992) -- specifically the IPIP's 10-item scale for each factor. This is for self-reflection, not diagnostic classification. Studies on the Five-Factor Model show robust international replication of the factor structure, as well as good test-retest reliability over periods of several years.

Dimensions

Extraversion

Sociability, activity level, and the tendency to experience positive emotions around others.

Agreeableness

Compassion, cooperativeness, and consideration toward other people.

Conscientiousness

Organization, reliability, goal-directedness, and self-discipline.

Emotional Stability

Composure and resilience under stress. A low score corresponds to a high level of neuroticism.

Openness to Experience

Imagination, intellectual curiosity, and interest in new ideas and experiences.

Sources & license

  • Goldberg, L. R. (1992). The development of markers for the Big-Five factor structure. Psychological Assessment, 4(1), 26–42.

    International Personality Item Pool (IPIP) -- per ipip.ori.org's own permissions page: "the IPIP has been placed in the public domain, permission has already been automatically granted for any person to use IPIP items, scales, and inventories for any purpose, commercial or non-commercial." Item wording was verified verbatim against the IPIP's own published 50-item Big-Five Factor Markers page; the original IPIP response scale (accuracy of self-description) was adapted here to an agreement scale for consistency with the rest of the site -- IPIP explicitly permits this kind of adaptation.

    https://ipip.ori.org
This test is a self-exploration tool, not a clinical or diagnostic assessment. It does not replace guidance from a psychologist or licensed therapist.
Advertisement
Take the test